Chapter 14 Quiz:

1. Most Europeans in the Middle Ages lived in farms where they cultivated the land and raised livestock. For farming, they were using two-fields technique which in some places was replaced with three-field technique. What do these techniques refer to?

2. What was the one event in 14^th century that decimated Europe’s population, reversing the growth seen in previous centuries?

3. The Plague not only kill a lot of people but also left social and psychological scars. As a result, people became aware of their condition (being both mortal and exploited) and demanded better pay for their work. In one rebellion that broke in France in 1358, called the Jacquerie, peasants killed the nobles and looted their castles. In a similar social unrest in England, peasants invaded London asking for the end of the serfdom. What was the name of the man that led this revolt?

4. Cities grew as trading and manufacturing centers around the Mediterranean, with Genoa at the center but also other Italian ports, and Baltic sea with The Hanseatic League. What was the third center of manufacturing and trade that is know for its luxury textile, waving raw wool from England into soft cloth?

5. In the cities, people that specialized in a certain trade, professions or crafts formed associations called artisan guilds, that along bankers and wealthy merchants, dominated the civic life. What was their main purpose?

6. Renaissance, a period which began in northern Italy spreading across all Europe, brought unprecedented revival of arts, literature, and philosophy, mainly by the discoveries of ancient texts translated from Arabic. Name two renaissance artists from Italy.

7. The intellectual current of the renaissance made possible the revival of Universities as foundation for thought and knowledge. Some of them begun to specialize in law, medicine or theology. In theology a new system attended to put together reason and faith, based on the works of Aristotle and Avicenna. Associated with Tomas Aquinas who wrote “Summa Theologica”, we called this system:

8. What was the most important invention of the beginning of the 15^th century associated with Johannes Gutenberg, a German metal worker?

9. In this period, states in Western Europe started a process of unification (by acquiring lands thought to belong to the state), and centralization (by concentrating the power on the same hands). What was a result of those processes?

10. One of the greatest documents and the foundation of the English society was compiled under and signed by King John of England. According with this document, monarchs were not above the law, church was independent, and nobles had hereditary rights (to transmit the title to their heirs). What is this document called?