Chapter 18 Quiz:

1. New colonies in the Americas produced goods that were shipped in Europe where they contributed to the wealth of the colonial states. In turn, those European states brought slaves into the colonies as forced labor. This exchange developed around a network of maritime trading routes that we now call it

2. In 1621, the Dutch government charter the Dutch West India Company, one of the most successful charter company in the Atlantic System. It controlled the trade of sugar from Brazil, was deeply involved in the slave trade, and seized two important ports in Africa from the Portuguese. What is a charter Company?

3. What made slaves a better investment for the sugar plantation owners compered to indenture servants?

4. After 1750, where did poor Europeans choose to indenture themselves?

5. The most significant environmental transformation in the West Indies was:

6. The slave work on a plantation was organized in three gangs: strong young males for heavy work, known as the “great gang”, a gang of young, elders and less fit for lighter work, and the children gang – grass gang – for simple work . Those gangs were led by a driver who was a

7. The Atlantic economic system developed on the back of slave trade and sugar plantation, and contributed to the development of modern capitalism, which was made of large financial institutions like banks, and stock exchange markets and investment companies. What was one of the greatest such institutions, founded as early as 1530?

8. For three centuries, European governments promoted a commercial system that forbidden the colonies to trade goods with other countries except for the motherland. What is this system called?

9. The Atlantic Circuit was a network of three maritime segments that accounted for the trade network in the Atlantic Ocean. First segment ships carried European goods and guns to Africa, were they exchange it for slaves, on the second segment, the slaves were further carried to Americas where they were sold, on the third segment, the money from slaves bought sugar and tobacco and other goods made in the colonies and carried them back to Europe. Then the cycle started all over again. What was the second segment called?

10. Now, we distinguish in between two slave trade systems: the Atlantic slave system and the Islamic trade. What is the big difference in between the two?