Chapter 15 Quiz:

1. A series of islands in the Pacific Ocean were early populated by Polynesians, a group of people that originated in Asia and went on island hopping until they reached New Zealand in the south and Americas in the west. We think that this was a planned colonization in their part and happened centuries before and after B.C. How did they reach such vast distances over open water?

2. The Indian Ocean was used as a trade route of since ancient times by Malayo-Indonesians, or groups from Africa and East Asia, and later by Muslims. Chinese Ming dynasty was especially interested in this route. During the reign of the emperor Yongle, a large expedition of Chinese Junks carrying luxury items and commanded by admiral Zheng He, sailed around the coasts of Indian Ocean. What was the scope of this expedition?

3. The Atlantic Ocean was cruised by Vikings in the early medieval time. They settled Iceland, founded a colony in Greenland, and reached North American shores. What was the name of the Viking sailor that established a short-lived settlement in Newfoundland?

4. The Portuguese and Spanish expeditions that occur after 1450 are regarded as the beginning of a maritime revolution because:

5. The maritime expedition initiated by Portugal and Spain were as much as a result of the revival of urban life and trade as a race with the Muslim world for dominance in the Mediterranean. Which of the other reasons are also true?

6. Who was Henry the Navigator (1394 – 1460)?

7. For long distance travels, Portugal developed a new vessel that was smaller and could enter shallow coastal waters and had triangular lateen sails that made it faster. What was the name of this type of ship?

8. Along the famous Portuguese and Spanish expeditions led by explorers like Bartolomeo Diaz, Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus, was Fernando Magellan, a Portuguese mariner that set sail under the Spanish flag in 1519. Although, he died before returning to Europe, he is known for:

9. The Portuguese consolidated their trade in the Indian Ocean, along the coasts of Africa and Asia, while the Spanish went further, reaching Americas, where they established settlements, forcing the natives to work for them. What was the first such settlement?

10. What was the result of Spanish maritime expansion in the Americas?