Chapter 22 Quiz:

The Early Industrial Revolution 1760 – 1851

1. One of the Industrial Revolution causes was an earlier development that took place in agriculture with the introduction of potatoes and other high yielding crops. Another development was the enclosure movement that forced a lot of farmers to move to the cities. What did enclosure do?

This act of the English parliament allowed large owners to consolidate property in large farms by “enclosing” the communal land that belonged to the village.

The term comes from the 12th century feudal Europe and refers to the forests that belonged to the kings.

It included the village and its dwellers in the property of a landowner.

2. Innovation and technology rose all over Europe, with some French scientists creating the hot air balloon and the semaphore telegraph. But ultimately, it was England that led the way in industrial revolution. Why?

Good navy contributed to good water transportation which encourage specialization and manufacturing.

Social structure in Britain was less divided then in other European societies and its political structure was more efficient, meaning less bureaucracy to slow the process.

Both of the above

3. Historians have identified five innovations that greatly contributed to the industrial revolution: 1. Mass production through division of labor, 2. Mechanization and new machines, 3. Increase in iron production, 4. The steam engine, and 5. The electric telegraph. What are the two of the above that have not already been used in China?

Division of labor and steam engine

New machines and mechanization

Steel engine and the electric telegraph

4. First use of larger scale mechanization took place in England in the cotton industry with the invention of the cotton mill, which enhanced productivity, made better textiles, and boosted demand for England cloth all over the Europe. What is a consequence of this process?

Increase in children labor

Increase in demand for cotton from the American colonies

Both of the above

5. One of the greatest inventions of this period was the steam engine, providing power for mines, factories, ships, and railroads. Why was it call the steam engine?

Because it used water to make steam.

Because it used coal to heat water to make steam to power the engine.

Because it worked only when it was hot and steamy outside.

6. The industrial revolution transformed people’s lives in many ways. Cities grew faster then ever causing environmental changes, pollution, and poor hygiene. In this atmosphere, diseases proliferated, including rickets, a bone disease caused by luck of sunshine and cholera, a contagious disease imported from India. What municipal reforms were introduces as a result of diseases striking poor neighborhoods?

The gas lamp reform so people have more light in the dark factories.

Garbage removal and water sewage that made the neighborhoods healthier.

Both of the above

7. With the introduction of machines, came a greater need for workers. The owners of the factories found such additional workers among children and women, who were performing all kinds of jobs “suited” to their physical strength. Children were especially preferred because they were cheaper, docile and did not protested when they were beaten for making mistakes. How many hours did children worked in factories and mines?

Four to sis hours every day of the week, so they can also go to school.

No more then eight hours because there was a union that limit the hours worked by children.

They worked fourteen to sixteen hours per day and no one cared about those children’s school.

8. Who was the real beneficiary of the industrial revolution?

Farmers that never left their land.

Middle class with its newly group of entrepreneurs whose money came from manufacturing.

The cotton plantations in north America with its 3.2 million slaves that grew cotton.

9. In the climate of fast-moving changes in society, new economical and political belief systems occurred: laissez faire, mercantilism, and positivism. Which of the above promoted the idea that government should not interfere in the economic affairs?

Laissez faire which translated from French means “let them do” and was promoted by the Scottish economist Adam Smith in “The wealth of nations”.

Mercantilism, which was defined in Britain by the “Navigation Acts”.

Positivism introduced by the count of Saint-Simon in France and became popular in France and Latin America

10. One of the international results of the industrial revolution was that some parts of the world became the producers of raw materials for the wealthy nations. What is the most illustrative example?

Alger and Tunisia for France that exported sugar.

Caribbean islands for Portugal.

India and Egypt for British Empire exporting raw materials at low prices and importing English goods at high prices.

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The Early Industrial Revolution 1760 – 1851

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